Aprende a decir que algo es obligatorio o que no es necesario usando have to y don't have to en nivel A2.
1) Mapa rápido de significados
Idea clave: have to es para reglas externas (colegio, trabajo, leyes). don’t have to NO significa “prohibido”, sino “no es obligatorio”.
2) Formas en presente (Present Simple)
Estructura básica:
subject + have/has to + base verb
| Persona | Afirmativa | Negativa | Pregunta |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | I have to work. | I don’t have to work. | Do you have to work? |
| he / she / it | She has to study. | He doesn’t have to study. | Does he have to study? |
She has to get up early. – Ella tiene que levantarse temprano. (obligación)
We don’t have to wear a uniform. – No tenemos que usar uniforme. (no es obligatorio)
3) Cuándo usamos have to
Usa have to / has to para hablar de obligaciones por:
- Reglas del colegio o trabajo: We have to be on time.
- Leyes y normas: You have to wear a seat belt.
- Situaciones prácticas / necesidad: I have to call my boss.
Students have to do their homework.
Los estudiantes tienen que hacer la tarea.
He has to wear a uniform at school.
Él tiene que usar uniforme en la escuela.
4) Don’t have to ≠ mustn’t
Don’t/doesn’t have to = no es obligatorio (puedes hacerlo si quieres).
Mustn’t = está prohibido (no se permite).
| Forma | Ejemplo | Significado |
|---|---|---|
| don’t have to | You don’t have to come early. | No es necesario que vengas temprano (pero puedes). |
| mustn’t | You mustn’t smoke here. | Está prohibido fumar aquí. |
We don’t have to pay for the museum, it’s free.
No tenemos que pagar el museo, es gratis.
5) Preguntas y respuestas cortas
Usa Do/Does al inicio:
- Do you have to work on Saturday?
– Yes, I do. / No, I don’t. - Does she have to study tonight?
– Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
A: Do they have to wear a uniform?
B: No, they don’t. They can wear jeans.
6) Diálogos modelo
Diálogo 1 – Trabajo
A: Do you have to work on Sundays?
A: ¿Tienes que trabajar los domingos?
B: No, I don’t have to. I only work from Monday to Friday.
B: No, no tengo que. Solo trabajo de lunes a viernes.
Diálogo 2 – Escuela
A: Does he have to wear a tie at school?
A: ¿Él tiene que usar corbata en la escuela?
B: Yes, he does. He has to wear a tie and a jacket.
B: Sí. Tiene que usar corbata y saco.
7) Errores comunes
| Incorrecto | Correcto | Notas |
|---|---|---|
| *He have to go* | He has to go. | Con he/she/it → has. |
| *She doesn’t has to study* | She doesn’t have to study. | Después de doesn’t usamos have (base). |
| *You don’t have to smoke here* (queriendo decir “prohibido”) | You mustn’t smoke here. | Don’t have to = no es necesario, no prohibición. |
8) Mini-práctica
- Completa con
have toohas to:
a) I ________ get up early on Mondays.
b) She ________ wear a uniform at work.
c) They ________ take an exam tomorrow. - Escribe en negativo con
don’t/doesn’t have to:
a) You have to cook tonight. (no es necesario)
b) He has to drive to work. (no es necesario) - Elige la opción correcta:
a) She (have to / has to) study for the test.
b) They (don’t have to / mustn’t) pay, it’s free. (no es obligatorio) - Corrige si es necesario:
a) He doesn’t has to work on Saturday.
b) We mustn’t pay for the tickets, they are optional. (quieres decir “no es necesario”) - Traduce al inglés:
a) No tengo que ir a la oficina hoy.
b) ¿Tienes que estudiar esta noche?
Respuestas ejemplo:
1) a) have to b) has to c) have to
2) a) You don’t have to cook tonight. b) He doesn’t have to drive to work.
3) a) has to b) don’t have to
4) a) He doesn’t have to work on Saturday. b) We don’t have to pay for the tickets.
5) a) I don’t have to go to the office today. b) Do you have to study tonight?
9) Próximo paso
Sigue con la unidad de cantidad y comida en A2: Contables/no contables (revisión + vocab de comida).