Para expresar posesión o relaciones usamos have o have got. Ambos significan lo mismo en A1.
1) Afirmativa
Sujeto + have/has + objeto Sujeto + have/has + got + objeto | Sujeto | Have | Have got | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | have | have got → I've got / You've got… | I have a bike. · I’ve got a bike. |
| he / she / it | has | has got → He’s/She’s got… | She has a cat. · She’s got a cat. |
En inglés británico es muy común have got. En inglés americano se usa más have solo.
2) Negativa
Sujeto + don’t/doesn’t + have + objeto Sujeto + haven’t/hasn’t + got + objeto | Sujeto | Con have | Con have got | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|---|
| I / you / we / they | don’t have | haven’t got | We don’t have a car. · We haven’t got a car. |
| he / she / it | doesn’t have | hasn’t got | He doesn’t have time. · He hasn’t got time. |
¡Ojo! Con doesn’t el verbo va en base: *doesn’t has* ✗ → doesn’t have ✓
3) Preguntas + respuestas cortas
Do/Does + sujeto + have + … ? Have/Has + sujeto + got + … ? | Pregunta | Respuesta afirmativa | Respuesta negativa |
|---|---|---|
| Do you have a car? | Yes, I do. | No, I don’t. |
| Does she have a cat? | Yes, she does. | No, she doesn’t. |
| Have you got a pen? | Yes, I have. | No, I haven’t. |
| Has he got a bike? | Yes, he has. | No, he hasn’t. |
Responde con el mismo auxiliar: do/does o have/has (si usas have got).
4) Usos típicos A1
- Posesión: I have two brothers. / She’s got a new phone.
- Relaciones: He has a girlfriend. / They’ve got many friends.
- Características / condiciones: I have a headache. (No:
*I’m headache*)
No confundir: Actividades con have (desayunar, etc.) son rutinas: I have breakfast at 8. No se usa have got en ese sentido.
5) Contrastes y errores comunes
| Incorrecto | Correcto | Nota |
|---|---|---|
| *I no have a car* | I don’t have a car | Negación con don’t |
| *She haven’t a dog* | She doesn’t have a dog / She hasn’t got a dog | No mezclar estructuras |
| *Has she have a bike?* | Does she have a bike? / Has she got a bike? | Interrogativa correcta |
| *He doesn’t has time* | He doesn’t have time | Verbo en base tras doesn’t |
6) Mini-práctica
- Completa en afirmativa (dos formas):
(I) ____ a laptop. / (I) ____ ____ a laptop. - Negativa:
(She) __________ a car. (usa have) - Pregunta + short answer:
____ they ____ a house? — Yes, ________. - Transforma a have got:
We have two tickets → ____________________________ - Corrige:
*Has you got a pen?* → ____________________________
Soluciones ejemplo: have / have got · She doesn’t have · Do, have / they do · We’ve got two tickets · Have you got a pen?
7) Próximo paso
Aprende can / can’t para hablar de habilidad y permiso básico: I can swim, You can’t park here.