Present Simple — preguntas (do / does) + respuestas cortas
Para preguntar en presente simple usamos el auxiliar do/does al inicio y el verbo en forma base.
1) Estructura de Yes/No questions
Do + I/you/we/they + verbo (base) + … ? Does + he/she/it + verbo (base) + … ? El verbo principal NO lleva “-s”. - Do you work here? — Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
- Does she live in CDMX? — Yes, she does. / No, she doesn’t.
- Does it rain a lot? — Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.
2) Respuestas cortas (Short answers)
| Pregunta | Respuesta afirmativa | Respuesta negativa |
|---|---|---|
| Do you like tea? | Yes, I do. | No, I don’t. |
| Do they study here? | Yes, they do. | No, they don’t. |
| Does he play soccer? | Yes, he does. | No, he doesn’t. |
| Does it work? | Yes, it does. | No, it doesn’t. |
Responde con el mismo auxiliar de la pregunta (do/does) y el mismo sujeto.
3) Preguntas con Wh- (información)
Wh- + do/does + sujeto + verbo (base) + … ? - What do you do? (¿A qué te dedicas?)
- Where do they live?
- When do you have class?
- Why does he study English?
- How do you spell your surname?
- Who do you live with? (preposición al final, común en inglés)
Importante: La inversión va con do/does, NO con el verbo principal: *Where lives she?* ✗ → Where does she live? ✓
4) Ortografía y colocación
- He/She/It usa does; el verbo vuelve a base:
*Does she likes?*✗ → Does she like? ✓ - Expresiones de frecuencia suelen ir antes del verbo léxico: Do you usually get up early?
- Con to be y modales (can, must…) NO uses do/does: Are you ready? / Can you swim?
5) Errores comunes
| Incorrecto | Correcto | Por qué |
|---|---|---|
| *Do she likes music?* | Does she like music? | 3.ª persona → does; verbo en base |
| *Where you live?* | Where do you live? | Falta auxiliar do |
| *Why he studies here?* | Why does he study here? | Inversión con does |
| *Does they work on Sundays?* | Do they work on Sundays? | they → auxiliar do |
6) Mini-práctica
- Forma la pregunta (Yes/No):
you / like / coffee → ____________________________? - Transforma a 3.ª persona:
Do you study at night? → ____________________________? - Completa con Wh-:
_____ do they live? (CDMX) · _____ does she get up? (at 6) - Respuestas cortas:
Does it work? — Yes, ________ / No, ________. - Corrige:
*Where does she lives?* → ____________________________
Respuestas ejemplo: Do you like coffee? · Do you → Does he study at night? · Where / When · it does / it doesn’t · Where does she live?
7) Próximo paso
Ahora que dominas afirmativa/negativa/preguntas, sigue con expresiones de frecuencia (every day, usually, often…) para hablar de hábitos con más precisión.