Escribir párrafos (tema, soporte, cierre)
Un buen texto en inglés se construye con párrafos claros. Cada párrafo tiene una idea principal (tema), oraciones de soporte y, muchas veces, una oración de cierre.
1) Mapa rápido del párrafo
Un párrafo típico B1 tiene:
1) Topic sentence: dice de qué va el párrafo.
2) Supporting sentences: explican, dan razones o ejemplos.
3) Closing sentence: cierra la idea o la resume.
Si puedes resumir tu párrafo en una sola frase clara en inglés, vas por buen camino.
2) Topic sentence: la frase de tema
La topic sentence introduce la idea principal del párrafo. Suele ir al inicio.
| Tipo | Ejemplo de topic sentence | Comentario |
|---|---|---|
| Opinión personal | In my opinion, learning English is very important for my future. | Indica claramente el tema: aprender inglés y su importancia. |
| Descripción | My neighbourhood is a very quiet and friendly place. | El párrafo hablará del vecindario. |
| Experiencia | Last year I had an amazing trip to the mountains. | El párrafo contará esa experiencia. |
Tip B1: usa estructuras simples y claras:
• In my opinion, …
• For me, …
• One of my favourite … is …
• There are many reasons why …
3) Supporting sentences: detalles, razones y ejemplos
Las supporting sentences dan más información sobre la idea principal:
- Explican por qué o cómo.
- Dan ejemplos concretos.
- Usan conectores para ordenar las ideas.
| Función | Conectores típicos B1 | Ejemplo de oración |
|---|---|---|
| Primera razón / idea | First, Firstly, To start with | Firstly, it helps me communicate when I travel. |
| Más ideas | Also, In addition, Besides | In addition, I can watch films in English. |
| Ejemplos | For example, For instance | For example, I often use English at work. |
| Contraste | However, On the other hand | However, it can be difficult to find time to study. |
Intenta usar 1–3 conectores por párrafo. Muchos conectores pueden sonar artificiales.
4) Closing sentence: cómo cerrar el párrafo
La closing sentence puede:
- Resumir la idea principal.
- Repetir el mensaje con otras palabras.
- Dar una opinión final.
| Función | Ejemplo de closing sentence |
|---|---|
| Resumen | In conclusion, English plays an essential role in my life. |
| Repetir idea | For these reasons, learning English is very important for me. |
| Comentario final | That is why I try to practise it every day. |
Fórmulas útiles:
• In conclusion, …
• To sum up, …
• For these reasons, …
• That is why …
5) Ejemplo de párrafo B1 completo
Tema: Importancia del inglés en tu vida.
Topic sentence:
In my opinion, learning English is very important for my future.
Supporting sentences:
Firstly, it helps me communicate when I travel to other countries.
For example, last year I visited Germany and I used English to ask for directions and order food.
In addition, English is necessary for many jobs, because a lot of companies work with international clients.
Closing sentence:
For these reasons, I try to study English every day.
Cuenta las oraciones: 1 de tema + 2–4 de soporte + 1 de cierre = buen párrafo B1.
6) Errores típicos al escribir párrafos
| Error | Problema | Reescritura mejor |
|---|---|---|
| Tema mezclado: I like English. My brother doesn’t like football. My dog is big. | Muchas ideas sin conexión → parece lista aleatoria. | Un solo tema: I like English because it is useful and interesting. I enjoy learning new vocabulary and watching films in English. |
| Sin topic sentence: I get up at seven. Then I have breakfast. I go to work at eight. | No sabemos de qué trata el párrafo hasta el final. | Con topic sentence: On weekdays I usually follow the same routine. I get up at seven. Then I have breakfast and I go to work at eight. |
| Sin cierre: My city is very big. There are many shops and restaurants. It is noisy. | El párrafo queda “abierto” y poco redondo. | Con cierre: My city is very big. There are many shops and restaurants and it is quite noisy. However, I like living there because it is never boring. |
Antes de escribir, decide: “¿De qué trata este párrafo exactamente?” y escríbelo en una frase sencilla.
7) Mini-práctica
- Identifica el tipo de oración (topic, supporting o closing):
a) In my opinion, weekends are the best part of the week.
b) For example, I usually meet my friends and we go to the cinema.
c) For these reasons, I always wait for the weekend.
d) Secondly, I can relax and forget about work.
e) There are many reasons why exercise is important. - Completa con un conector adecuado (Firstly, Secondly, In addition, However, In conclusion):
a) ______, I love listening to music when I study.
b) ______, sometimes it is difficult to concentrate.
c) ______, I like listening to quiet music, not loud music.
d) ______, I think music can really help students.
e) ______, I also listen to music when I travel by bus. - Ordena estas oraciones para formar un párrafo lógico (escribe solo el orden, por ejemplo: c, a, b, d):
a) For example, I like cooking pasta and trying new sauces.
b) In the future, I would like to learn more difficult recipes.
c) One of my favourite hobbies is cooking.
d) Also, cooking helps me relax after a long day. - Escribe una topic sentence para cada tema (puedes usar estructuras modelo):
a) Tu ciudad o barrio.
b) Tu forma favorita de viajar.
c) Un profesor o una persona que admiras. - (Producción guiada) Escribe un párrafo corto (4–5 oraciones) sobre tu rutina de fin de semana usando:
• 1 topic sentence
• 2–3 supporting sentences con First, Then, Also / In addition
• 1 closing sentence con In conclusion / To sum up / For this reason
Respuestas ejemplo (orientativas):
1) a) topic · b) supporting (ejemplo) · c) closing · d) supporting · e) topic
2) (una posible combinación)
a) Firstly b) However c) In addition d) In conclusion e) Secondly
3) Orden sugerido: c → a → d → b
(topic → ejemplo → otra razón → cierre ligero)
4) Ejemplos:
a) My neighbourhood is a very quiet and comfortable place to live.
b) My favourite way to travel is by train.
c) One person I really admire is my English teacher.
5) Ejemplo de párrafo:
At the weekend I usually have a very relaxing routine.
First, I get up late and have a big breakfast with my family.
Then I often meet my friends and we go to the park or to the cinema.
In addition, I like to read or watch series in English.
In conclusion, weekends are very important for me because I can rest and enjoy my free time.
8) Próximo paso
Continúa con Estrategias de listening (gist vs detail) para aprender a escuchar de forma más efectiva, distinguiendo entre entender la idea general y los detalles.