Demostrativos: this / that / these / those
Se usan para señalar distancia y número. “Cerca/lejos” y “singular/plural”.
1) Mapa rápido
| Distancia | Singular | Plural | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cerca (aquí) | this | these | This pen is mine. · These pens are mine. |
| Lejos (allí) | that | those | That car is new. · Those cars are new. |
this = este/esta (cerca) these = estos/estas (cerca) that = ese/esa, aquel/la (lejos) those = esos/esas, aquellos/as (lejos)
2) Como determinantes (antes del sustantivo)
- this + singular: this book, this phone
- these + plural: these books, these phones
- that + singular: that house, that idea
- those + plural: those houses, those ideas
Preguntas comunes: What’s this? · Who’s that? · Are these your keys? · Are those your keys?
3) Como pronombres (sin sustantivo)
- This is my friend. (presentas a alguien cercano)
- That is my teacher. (la persona que está allá)
- These are my tickets. / Those are your shoes.
- Para ideas/hechos: That’s amazing! · This is difficult.
Teléfono/llamada: “Hello, this is Diego”. Para preguntar quién habla: “Who’s this?”
4) Pistas extra
- here/there: this/these suelen ir con “here”; that/those con “there”.
- Tiempo: this morning (esta mañana) vs. that day (ese día / aquel día).
- Señalar en fotos: This is me (cerca en la imagen), That’s my brother (allá).
5) Errores comunes
*thiss*,*thoses*✗ → this / those ✓ (no agregues “-s” a this/that).*this cats*✗ → these cats ✓ (plural → these/those).*these one*✗ → this one (singular) / these (plural, sin “one”).
6) Mini-práctica
- (this/that/these/those) ____ chair is broken. (lejos, singular)
- (this/that/these/those) ____ apples are sweet. (cerca, plural)
- — Who’s ____? (al teléfono, tú mismo) — “____ is Ana.”
- Corrige:
this cars→ ________ ;those book→ ________. - Elige: “Is ____ your bag here?” (cerca, singular) / “Are ____ your friends there?” (lejos, plural)
Solución ejemplo: that chair · these apples · This / This · these cars · those books · this / those.