Verbo to be — negativa e interrogativa
Para negar usa not y sus contracciones (isn’t, aren’t). Para preguntar, invierte: Be + sujeto. No uses do/does con to be.
1) Forma negativa
| Pronombre | Forma larga | Contracción natural | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | I am not | I’m not (no *amn’t*) | I’m not tired. (No estoy cansado/a.) |
| you | you are not | you aren’t / you’re not | You aren’t late. (No llegas tarde.) |
| he | he is not | he isn’t / he’s not | He isn’t at home. (Él no está en casa.) |
| she | she is not | she isn’t / she’s not | She isn’t a nurse. (Ella no es enfermera.) |
| it | it is not | it isn’t / it’s not | It isn’t cold. (No hace frío.) |
| we | we are not | we aren’t / we’re not | We aren’t ready. (No estamos listos.) |
| they | they are not | they aren’t / they’re not | They aren’t students. (Ellos no son estudiantes.) |
Subject + be + not + complemento Con I → I’m not (no *amn’t*) 2) Forma interrogativa (sí/no)
Invierte be y el sujeto:
Am I...? Are you/we/they...? Is he/she/it...? - Are you from Spain? (¿Eres/son de España?)
- Is she your sister? (¿Es ella tu hermana?)
- Am I late? (¿Llegué tarde?)
No uses do/does con to be: Do you are…? ✗ → Are you…? ✓
3) Respuestas cortas (short answers)
| Pregunta | Respuesta afirmativa | Respuesta negativa |
|---|---|---|
| Are you ready? | Yes, I am. | No, I’m not. |
| Is he at work? | Yes, he is. | No, he isn’t. |
| Is it cold? | Yes, it is. | No, it isn’t. |
| Are they students? | Yes, they are. | No, they aren’t. |
Usa el mismo verbo be y el mismo sujeto de la pregunta.
4) Preguntas con Wh- (+ be)
Estructura: Wh- + be + sujeto + complemento
- Where is she? — She’s at home.
- What is it? — It’s a map.
- Who is he? — He’s my teacher.
- How old is your brother? — He’s 15.
- How are you? — I’m fine, thanks.
5) Errores comunes
- *She don’t is…* → She isn’t… / Is she…?
- Doble auxiliar:
Do is…✗ - Orden incorrecto:
She is not student a→ She isn’t a student.
6) Mini-práctica
- Negativa: He ____ (is) busy → ____________.
- Interrogativa: She is your boss → __________________?
- Short answer: Are they here? → Yes, ____________ / No, ____________.
- Wh-: (where) She is — → __________________________?
Solución sugerida: isn’t; Is she your boss?; they are / they aren’t; Where is she?