Phrasals A1: get up · turn on/off · put on · take off
Cuatro verbos compuestos muy comunes para la vida diaria: levantarte, encender/apagar, ponerte y quitarte ropa u objetos.
1) Significados y estructuras
| Phrasal | Significado | Estructura base | Ejemplos |
|---|---|---|---|
| get up | levantarse (de la cama / silla) | S + get up | I get up at 7. · Don’t get up late. |
| turn on | encender (luz, TV, AC…) | S + turn on + obj / S + turn + obj + on | Please turn on the light. · Turn it on, please. |
| turn off | apagar | S + turn off + obj / S + turn + obj + off | Turn off the TV. · Turn it off now. |
| put on | ponerse (ropa/ accesorios) | S + put on + obj / S + put + obj + on | She put on a jacket. · She put it on. |
| take off | quitarse (ropa) / despegar (avión) | S + take off + obj / S + take + obj + off | Take off your shoes. · Take them off. |
Tiempo presente simple: añade -s con he/she/it: He gets up, She turns it off.
2) ¿Se pueden separar?
get up → NO separable (intransitivo) turn on/off → separable put on / take off → separables
Pronombres (it, them, him, her) van en medio con verbos separables:
turn it on ✓ · *turn on it ✗ · put them on ✓ · *put on them ✗ 3) Negativas y preguntas (A1)
- Negativa:
S + don’t/doesn’t + base→ He doesn’t get up early. - Pregunta:
Do/Does + S + base…?→ Do you turn off the lights? - Short answers: Yes, I do. / No, he doesn’t.
4) En contexto
| Situación | Ejemplos naturales |
|---|---|
| Rutina | I get up at 6:30 and turn on the coffee machine. |
| Casa | Please turn off the TV and put on your pajamas. |
| Entrada | Take off your shoes, please. · It’s cold — put on a coat. |
| Trabajo | We turn on the lights at 8 and turn them off at 6. |
5) Errores comunes
| Incorrecto | Correcto | Por qué |
|---|---|---|
| *Turn on it, please* | Turn it on, please | Pronombre va en medio (verbo separable) |
| *She don’t get up early* | She doesn’t get up early | 3.ª persona → doesn’t |
| *Put on them* | Put them on | Pronombre entre verbo y partícula |
| *He get up at 7* | He gets up at 7 | Presente 3.ª persona: -s |
6) Mini-práctica
- Completa:
It’s cold. Put ______ your jacket. - Con pronombre:
Turn on the radio → Turn ______ ______. - Negativa (he):
He ______ ______ (get up) early on Sundays. - Pregunta:
you / turn off / the lights at night? → _______________________? - Cambia a pasado simple (extra):
I get up at 6 → Yesterday, I ______ ______ at 6.
Respuestas ejemplo: on · it on · doesn’t get up · Do you turn off the lights at night? · got up.
7) Próximo paso
Sigue con Pronunciación: /b/–/v/, /ɪ/–/iː/, /æ/–/a/ para evitar confusiones típicas en A1.